abstract：:In vitro and in vivo anti-Candida albicans and anti-Aspergillus fumigatus activities of NND-502, a new imidazole-antimycotic, were compared with those of fluconazole (FCZ), itraconazole (ITZ) and/or amphotericin B (AmB). NND-502 exhibited strong in vitro antifungal activity against both fungal species; its MIC against...

journal_title：International journal of antimicrobial agents

authors： Niwano Y,Kuzuhara N,Goto Y,Munechika Y,Kodama H,Kanai K,Yoshida M,Miyazaki T,Yamaguchi H

更新日期：1999-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In order to study the possible phenotypic and genotypic changes related to glycopeptide pressure on enterococci, a study was undertaken using stepwise in vitro exposure to achieve the following objectives: (i) to evaluate the development of resistance and cross-resistance between vancomycin and teicoplanin; (ii) to de...

journal_title：International journal of antimicrobial agents

authors： Puntorieri M,Cafiso V,Santagati M,Messina C,Azzarelli C,Catalano V,Bonfiglio G,Giuseppe N,Stefania S

更新日期：1999-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Many studies have elucidated the risk factors associated with peri-operative infection following head and neck cancer surgery (HNS), the implications of infection for total treatment cost, and the clinical benefits of successful antimicrobial prophylaxis. The most appropriate antibiotic use is achieved by focusing on ...

journal_title：International journal of antimicrobial agents

authors： Callender DL

更新日期：1999-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The selection of antimicrobial agents is guided by the use of formularies which often constrain prescribing options. There are several factors which influence the inclusion of specific agents. Two of the most important factors are microbial etiology of a disease and the incidence of antibiotic resistance. Various surv...

journal_title：International journal of antimicrobial agents

authors： Blondeau JM,Tillotson GS

更新日期：1999-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Streptococcus pyogenes is a common pathogen which may be associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Recent information is not readily available, in Canada, regarding the susceptibility of clinical isolates to penicillin, extended spectrum and/or newer agents. We collected and tested 1003 isolates of S. pyoge...

journal_title：International journal of antimicrobial agents

authors： Blondeau JM,Church D,Yaschuk Y,Bjarnason J

更新日期：1999-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Depending on the severity of the clinical syndrome, acute pyelonephritis may require more extensive imaging diagnostics. In the uncomplicated form of the disease, ultrasonography does not appear to be absolutely necessary. In clinically severe cases, however, which fail to respond to antibiotic therapy, ultrasound is ...

journal_title：International journal of antimicrobial agents

authors： Weidner W,Ludwig M,Weimar B,Rau W

更新日期：1999-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Previous studies in our laboratory have shown that antiplatelet agents, aspirin and ticlopidine, in clinically relevant concentrations influence the development and treatment of experimental endocarditis. To study the influence of combination antiplatelet treatment on the development of aortic vegetations, infected an...

journal_title：International journal of antimicrobial agents

authors： Nicolau DP,Tessier PR,Nightingale CH

更新日期：1999-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The extracts from the starfish Asterina pectinifera obtained using various organic solvents and distilled water were tested for their antimicrobial activities against fungi and yeasts. The methanol and water extracts were found to be the most active and Aspergillus spp. and Cryptococcus neoformans proved to be sensiti...

journal_title：International journal of antimicrobial agents

authors： Choi DH,Shin S,Park IK

更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Seventy laboratories in nine European countries (Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, The Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Switzerland and the UK) each collected 100 consecutive gram-positive bacterial pathogens during 1995. MICs were determined by a co-ordinating laboratory in each country using an agar incorporation method...

journal_title：International journal of antimicrobial agents

authors： Grüneberg RN,Hryniewicz W

更新日期：1998-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mechanically ventilated patients are at a substantially higher risk for developing nosocomial pneumonia. Overall, there is a relatively constant 1&!TN!150;3% risk per day of developing pneumonia while receiving mechanical ventilation. The sensitivity and specificity of clinical criteria alone for diagnosis of ventilat...

journal_title：International journal of antimicrobial agents

authors： Visnegarwala F,Iyer NG,Hamill RJ

更新日期：1998-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mechanisms and transferability of beta-lactam resistance in 50 ceftazidime resistant strains of Enterobacteriaceae was studied. These strains were selected from 1991 E. coli, 1035 Enterobacter spp., 168 Citrobacter spp. and 1371 Klebsiella spp., isolated from patients hospitalized in ICUs and in the pediatric and urol...

journal_title：International journal of antimicrobial agents

authors： Bujdáková H,Lausová A,Jankovicová S,Prodinger WM,Kallová J,Milosovic P,Kettner M

更新日期：1998-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The in vitro antibacterial activity of BAY 12-8039, a novel 8-methoxy-quinolone, was compared with those of other quinolones, amoxicillin/clavulanate, cefuroxime and erythromycin against species commonly implicated in respiratory tract infections as well as viridans group streptococci. The new compound was highly acti...

journal_title：International journal of antimicrobial agents

authors： Souli M,Wennersten CB,Eliopoulos GM

更新日期：1998-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Clinafloxacin, levofloxacin, sparfloxacin and trovafloxacin were tested by Etest against 188 Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates. Clinafloxacin and trovafloxacin were 2-4-fold more potent than sparfloxacin and 8-fold more than levofloxacin. Two isolates, both serotype 6, with high-level quinolone resistance (> or = 8 mi...

journal_title：International journal of antimicrobial agents

authors： Waites K,Brookings E,Nix S,Robinson A,Gray B,Swiatlo E

更新日期：1998-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Both zidovudine (ZDV) and stavudine (D4T) must be intracellularly converted to their respective active triphosphate anabolites (ZDV-TP and D4T-TP). It is hypothesized that the combination of ZDV and D4T may lead to altered formation of phosphorylated anabolites for either drug. The objective of this study was to inves...

journal_title：International journal of antimicrobial agents

authors： Brody SR,Aweeka FT

更新日期：1997-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:With the aid of the Basic Sequential Analytical Simplex Method the in vitro anti-trichomonad effectiveness of several metronidazole/gossypol blends was determined. While the combination that produced 50% of growth inhibition on trichomonad cultures (IC50) contained 15.1 microM gossypol and 0.087 microM metronidazole, ...

journal_title：International journal of antimicrobial agents

authors： Teresa González-Garza M,Said-Fernández S

更新日期：1997-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The in vitro activity of a new fluoroquinolone, trovafloxacin (CP-99,219) was compared with that of ten other agents against 100 clinical isolates in the Bacteroides fragilis group. Trovafloxacin was the most active quinolone (MIC(90), 1 microg/ml) followed by sparfloxacin (MIC(90), 8 microg/ml), levofloxacin (MIC(90)...

journal_title：International journal of antimicrobial agents

authors： Borobio MV,Suárez AI,Ramírez E,Perea EJ

更新日期：1997-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a worldwide important pathogen in nosocomial infections. To investigate the extent of the problem in Taiwan, analysis for the period of 1981-1994 was carried out of prospective surveillance data from the National Taiwan University Hospital, a major university teach...

journal_title：International journal of antimicrobial agents

authors： Chang SC,Sun CC,Yang LS,Luh KT,Hsieh WC

更新日期：1997-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Seven new sites leading to increased beta-lactam susceptibility were identified and mapped in Staphylococcus aureus by Tn551 or Tn917 mediated insertional inactivation. Their effect was more pronounced in methicillin resistant than in susceptible strains. Except for inserts each in SmaI-K and SmaI-B, all were located ...

journal_title：International journal of antimicrobial agents

authors： Vasilieva E,Labischinski H,Berger-Bächi B

更新日期：1997-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Spongistatin 1, a macrocyclic lactone polyether from the marine sponge Hyrtios erecta, was fungicidal for a variety of opportunistic yeasts and filamentous fungi, including strains resistant to amphotericin B, ketoconazole and flucytosine. In broth macrodilution assays, MICs ranged from 0.195 to 12.5 microg/ml, and mi...

journal_title：International journal of antimicrobial agents

authors： Pettit RK,McAllister SC,Pettit GR,Herald CL,Johnson JM,Cichacz ZA

更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Because few data exist on the effect of recombinant human erythropoietin (EPO) for anemia not induced by zidovudine (ZDV) in persons with AIDS, we analyzed a subset of 523 subjects not taking ZDV ('non-ZDV') who participated in an open-label EPO treatment program involving 1943 subjects. Non-ZDV subjects had a mean he...

journal_title：International journal of antimicrobial agents

authors： Balfour HH Jr

更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:While most Entamoeba histolytica appearing in male homosexuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is considered non-invasive in Western countries, and treatment of amebiasis in these persons has received very little attention, in Japan some male homosexual amebiasis patients infected with HIV complain of...

journal_title：International journal of antimicrobial agents

authors： Ohnishi K,Murata M

更新日期：1996-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the most important pathogen in the human herpes family for immunocompromised hosts. Recognition and monitoring of CMV disease has been improved due to development of four quantitative laboratory assays for CMV: antigenemia, polymerase chain reaction for CMV DNA, branched DNA assay, and the hyb...

journal_title：International journal of antimicrobial agents

authors： Balfour HH Jr

更新日期：1996-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In this first multi-centre study in Scotland, 1028 consecutive Gram-negative and staphylococci strains were obtained from four major teaching hospitals. E. coli was the most common organism among both intensive care units (ICUs) (39%) and non-ICU strains (46.6%). The prevalence of antibiotic resistance among E. coli w...

journal_title：International journal of antimicrobial agents

authors： Shanahan PM,Thomson CJ,Miles RS,Old D,Hood J,Gould IM,Amyes SG

更新日期：1996-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The in vitro activity of piperacillin alone or titrated with a constant concentration of 4 mug/ml tazobactam was evaluated against 3962 baseline pathogens isolated from 1899 patients enrolled in 9 clinical trial studies in North America. Tazobactam increased susceptibility rates of piperacillin for Enterobacteriaceae ...

journal_title：International journal of antimicrobial agents

authors： Kuck NA,Jacobus NV,Spengler MD,Testa RT

更新日期：1996-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the present study we tested the ability of beta-lactam antibiotics and other cell-wall antibiotics to inhibit the production of listeriolysin which is the main virulence factor of L. monocytogenes. The amount of listeriolysin produced was measured in the supernatants with a sensitive hemolysin assay and as beta-gal...

journal_title：International journal of antimicrobial agents

authors： Nichterlein T,Domann E,Kretschmar M,Bauer M,Hlawatsch A,Hof H,Chakraborty T

更新日期：1996-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Fresh clinical isolates collected from November 1, 1992 through November 1, 1993, were tested by agar dilution against 26 different antimicrobial agents including FK037 and l-ofloxacin. Among the 10 040 organisms tested were Staphylococcus aureus (n = 1222), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA, n = 455),...

journal_title：International journal of antimicrobial agents

authors： Cooper I,Isbell DJ,Kruszynski JA,Peterson LR

更新日期：1996-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:An open, multicentre study was performed in hospital in-patients at a total of 12 German hospitals to investigate the efficacy and tolerability of sulbactam combined with mezlocillin, piperacillin or cefotaxime in severe bacterial infections. A total of 155 patients were recruited into the study, of whom 48 were suffe...

journal_title：International journal of antimicrobial agents

authors： Manncke K,Springsklee M,Heizmann WR,Sonntag HG

更新日期：1996-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Increases in the prevalence of yeast species other than C. albicans as agents of disseminated mycoses in immunosuppressed patients and of fluconazole-resistant C. albicans isolates from patients infected with HIV indicate changes in the epidemiology of Candida infections. The precise reasons for alterations in prevale...

journal_title：International journal of antimicrobial agents

authors： Odds FC

更新日期：1996-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Many antimicrobial agents including new quinolones (NQs) influence the cellular defense mechanisms such as polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs), macrophages and lymphocytes. We examined the effects of NQs on superoxide (SO) production of PMNs following stimulation of phorbol myristate acetate (PMA). Ofloxacin (OFLX) an...

journal_title：International journal of antimicrobial agents

authors： Matsumoto T,Nagafuji T,Takahashi K,Kubo S,Sakumoto M,Mizunoe Y,Kumazawa J

更新日期：1995-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Resistance to antimicrobial agents in Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria is common in Turkey. In this review, resistance to several antimicrobial agents in this country is discussed for bacteria which have gained clinical importance in recent years. Among Gram-positives, staphylococci are of major importance bec...

journal_title：International journal of antimicrobial agents

authors： Gür D,Unal S,Akalin HE

更新日期：1995-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Modifications of the immune response have been reported for a number of antimicrobial agents following both in vivo and in vitro experiments. Present results were obtained from in vitro incubated human polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) and monocytes treated with meropenem, a novel carbapenem antibiotic. Only the highest c...

journal_title：International journal of antimicrobial agents

authors： Matera G,Berlinghieri MC,Focà A

更新日期：1995-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:An important goal of outpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy (OPAT) is to provide a drug and dosing regimen that allows for convenient administration of the antibiotic in the outpatient setting. While once-daily administration or handling of the drug would be ideal, dosing frequencies up to three times a day for intr...

journal_title：International journal of antimicrobial agents

authors： Craig WA

更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Interest in home care for patients with serious infections is increasing. Home care technology needs reliable equipment that can be operated by the patient without constant supervision. To achieve long-term home treatment requires the establishment of protocols, education programmes, patient support and easy hospital ...

journal_title：International journal of antimicrobial agents

authors： Witteveen PO

更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cross-protection by anti-lipid A antibodies may be mediated by contribution to host defence mechanisms such as enhancement of bactericidal activity and phagocytosis. The lipid A-specific murine monoclonal antibody (mAb) E5 was evaluated in vitro for its ability to enhance antibacterial effects in concert with antibiot...

journal_title：International journal of antimicrobial agents

authors： Bouter AS,van Kessel KP,Cornelissen JJ,Schellekens JF,van der Hoek YY,Snippe H,Verhoef J

更新日期：1994-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Complicated and recurrent urinary tract infections present intriguing clinical management problems. The underlying conditions in patients with complicated urinary tract infections are anatomical abnormalities of the genitourinary tract, neurologic disorders resulting in urinary stasis, obstruction, instrumentation, su...

journal_title：International journal of antimicrobial agents

authors： Graninger W,Wenisch C,Presterl E

更新日期：1994-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:No standard definition exists for the term, complicated urinary tract infection. The term is usually used to convey an infection that occurs in a host with altered defenses or in a patient with a structural or functional abnormality impeding urine flow. Therapy of complicated infections represents a greater challenge ...

journal_title：International journal of antimicrobial agents

authors： Gleckman R

更新日期：1994-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In-vitro susceptibility of 7301 clinical isolates of Gram-negative bacilli, originating from hospitals at and around Bratislava, to amikacin was evaluated during the years 1990-1992. In 1990 amikacin resistance represented 4.1%, in 1991 it increased to 7.3% and in 1992 a slight decline to 6.4% was observed. In Slovaki...

journal_title：International journal of antimicrobial agents

authors： Milosovic P,Macicková T,Kettner M,Kallová J

更新日期：1994-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The incidence of severe group A streptococcal infection and the streptococcal toxic shock syndrome has increased since 1986. In contrast to earlier times, aggressive streptococal infection is now more likely to affect patients between 20 and 50 years of age who do not have predisposing underlying diseases. Its viral-l...

journal_title：International journal of antimicrobial agents

authors： Stevens DL,Bryant AE,Yan S

更新日期：1994-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The penetration of the new quinolene rufloxacin into human professional phagocytic cells and different cell types was determined. The intracellular distribution was demonstrated in all cells studied. At 4 degrees C the transport of rufloxacin was reduced. An intracellular dose-dependent activity was demonstrated for r...

journal_title：International journal of antimicrobial agents

authors： Bonina L,Arena A,Cesana M,Costa GB,Mastroeni F,Carbone M

更新日期：1993-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:S fimbrial adhesins (Sfa) represent virulence factors of E. coli wild-type strains causing urinary tract infections and meningitis of the new born. In order to determine the influence of subinhibitory concentration of antibiotics on the expression of the sfa gene cluster, a wild-type strain carrying the lacZ gene, cod...

journal_title：International journal of antimicrobial agents

authors： Hacker J,Ott M,Hof H

更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00